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Compression springs - Almech

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    Compression springs


    Compression springs are the most popular and widely used type of springs. They are used in all areas of our life. They are characterized by the space between the coils called the spring pitch. Compression springs have active coils, which transmits the stresses applied along the axis of the spring, and passive coils - usually located at the ends of the spring. Their function is to create two planes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the spring axis. These planes aid the spring's cooperation with other components. Thanks to the passive coils, the direction of the loading force applied to the compression spring is closer to the axis of the spring. In many cases, the end coils of springs are ground to improve this effect and increase their longevity and operating efficiency. The EN 15800:2009 standard relating to compression springs specifies the method of grinding and the deviations that can occur during this operation.


    Image

    Figure. Compression springs. Ends with closed ground coils - type 1; Ends with closed coils - type 2; or without ends - unground open coils.


    Symbol Unit Description
    ø d mm wire diameter
    D mm spring pitch diameter
    Di mm inside diameter of the spring – given and toleranced most often in the case of spring operating on the guide shaft
    De mm outside diameter of the spring – given and toleranced most often in the case of the spring operating in the guide hole (socket
    Dd mm diameter of the guide shaft (guide inside the spring)
    Dh mm diameter of the guide hole (guide outside the spring)
    F N spring force – given together with the height of the spring in loaded state or with the deflection of the spring
    L0 mm Nominal height of the spring in free state
    L1, L2, … mm Length of the spring when forces F1, F2, … are applied
    e1 mm permissible deviation from perpendicularity of free spring
    e2 mm permissible deviation from parallel of the unloaded spring’s ground surface to the outside diameter